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Also known as vocal cord dysfunction and laryngospasm, this distressing disorder is most common in females and is characterized by adduction (closing) of the vocal folds during inhalation. This is many times accompanied with wheezing and/or stridor. Paradoxical vocal fold movement is often initially diagnosed as asthma, as in many females, episodes will only occur upon exertion. The disorder can be exacerbated by laryngo-pharyngeal reflux disease. Treatment for PVFM includes instruction of specific breathing patterns, laryngeal relaxation, and medical treatment of reflux disease when appropriate.
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